In this monograph, the hygienic rules and norms for the construction, equipping, and educational conditions of "Mehribonlik" houses were developed. The physical development of the pupils, according to their gender and age, was hygienically evaluated. The feeding order and conditions of the pupils, as well as the hygienic rules and norms for the physiological well-being of teenagers, were also developed. The system of health measures aimed at improving the health status of the pupils in "Mehribonlik" houses has been improved. This monograph highlights the results of the assessment of the growth and development of foster children in "Mehribonlik" houses in different regions of the republic, and the study of their relationship with environmental factors. The theoretical foundations of the hygienic requirements for the design and construction of "Mehribonlik" houses have been established. Measures to improve the health of children and adolescents in institutional conditions have been developed, including the optimal parameters of the microclimate and the level of illumination. Additionally, the efficiency of medical examinations has increased.