The aim of this book is to examine the variations in human resource and industrial relations (HR/IR) policies and practices in the oil industry in a developing country. The investigation sought to gain insights into the various ways in which oil multinational corporations (MNCs) of different national origins manage their employment practices in a Sub-Sahara African (SSA) context, consisting of predominantly informal institutions. The goal is also to understand and provide an explanation of why and how the societal, political, economic and institutional features of an African country shape the rejection, diffusion, adaptation, and adoption of HR/IR practices within foreign-owned oil multi-nationals’ subsidiaries.