This book is divided into three parts. The first part of the book provides to the readers an introduction to the biology of Eimeria spp, its pathogenesis, and overview of currently adopted control programs; in addition, this first part includes a comprehensive literature review, aiming at helping scientists in the field of veterinary microbiology, diagnosis, molecular biology, pathology, parasitology, immunology, epidemiology, and vaccinology to refer to this knowledge in their research, teaching, and services to the poultry sector around the globe. The second part scrutinizes the different control programs of poultry coccidiosis, presenting their benefits and drawback of each, based on evaluations concluded by different researches. The last part of the book uncovers a breakthrough in poultry coccidiosis, resulting from compiled global project accomplished in 9 countries through the last decade; this is the first breakthrough that complies with the strategy of the World Health Organization, the Food and Agriculture Organization, and the World Animal Health Organization, aiming at One World One Heath (OWOH) objective.