"Organizational effectiveness does not lie in that narrow minded concept called rationality. It lies in the blend of clear headed logic and powerful intuition." - Henry Mintzberg. The concept of organisational effectiveness is complex and affects transactional and transformational factors within the organisation that determine its competitive advantage as well as its sustainability. Innovative and strategic leadership play a critical role in improving the effectiveness of the organisation more importantly when implementing results based management (RBM) as in the case of UNCTAD. The RBM approach integrates strategy, people, resources, processes and measurements to improve decision-making, transparency, and accountability. In attaining strategic and long-term goals, UNCTAD will require management and administrative changes to refine and apply the art and practice of strategic planning (participatory and inclusive drawing of strategic framework, action plans and implementation of programmes). In addition, strong leadership commitment and a results-based culture must be in place to support the implementation of RBM.