Resin-based composites are widely used restorative materials in clinical practice owing to their excellent aesthetics and durability. These materials are placed via established techniques and require finishing and polishing as an essential part of the procedure. Rough or poorly polished surfaces contribute to staining, plaque accumulation, gingival irritation, secondary caries, and poor wear resistance. There is a lack of consensus with respect to the finishing and polishing protocols of composites. This book explores the best finishing protocol for composite restorative materials using a novel method of assessment - the atomic force microscope.