As a new type of technology, Nanotechnology is a multidisciplinary field, as it combines knowledge from different disciplines: chemistry, physics, and biology amongst others. Nanotechnology is the art and science of manipulating matter at the atomic or molecular scale and holds the promise of providing significant improvements in technologies for protecting the environment. Combining nanomaterials and polymeric materials is a new field. The authors put an effort to combine these and found their application in separation and purification technology. The separation procedures are to a great degree utilized for contaminant removal from raw materials, primary product recovery in the chemical industries production, and contaminant elimination from effluent water and air streams. In the membrane-based separation processes, the separation of the components from a liquid or a gas mixture takes place on the basis of their respective permeation rates through the membrane material. In recent years, the membranes and membrane processes gained a very important role in the industrial production of substantial technical significance.