The book provides a basic introduction to surgical practice within the NHS. Assessment of surgical patients is a fundamental practical skill for all junior doctors. This requires applying the theoretical knowledge into clinical practice in an algorithmic approach to provide safe management. Systematic approach of assessing and treating surgical patients simultaneously is the key to provide safe care and achieve the best outcome. This booklet summarizes the approach for five common typical clinical scenarios in surgical practice. The clinical approaches are derived from many of the accredited training courses which the author has attended during his practice. This is matched with a personal clinical experience from working at different levels in the NHS / UK and abroad, supported by the reference textbooks.