The present book interrogates the twin issues of traditional Yoruba ethos and colonially derived social political rules of behavior. It is argued that the Nigerian state cannot be assessed as egalitarian so long as the sick, the hungry, the homeless and disadvantaged segments are callously neglected and despised. Arising from this premise, it was decided to make extrapolations and argue that if social institutions representing the aggregation of the visible and overt manifestations and expression of the scale of moral values which rules the minds of individuals in the Nigerian state is disconnected from their cultural roots, then it would be impossible to alter the social institutions without first of all altering the valuation. This work also ponders over the issues of Yoruba traditional art of Ifa divination and its concept of human identity.