Conventional methods used for water treatment are relatively expensive and are not readily available, especially in the rural areas. They also constitute a number of health problems - for instance the use of alum have been reported to cause Alzheimer’s disease. They have also been reported to be non-eco-friendly as they tend to affect non-target organisms and are usually non-biodegradable. All these limitations make it necessary to sort for alternative sustainable methods for water treatment using naturally occurring materials. One of the areas that holds great prospect is the plant kingdom especially the use of plant seeds. In this book Adansonia digitata (Baobab) seed is evaluated for its potentials for water treatment.