This book examines the de-institutionalization of individuals with a serious mental illness transitioning from close supervision to community integration. The success rate of mentally ill adults moving from adult homes and nursing care facilities to supported housing is analyzed. First, the financial costs associated with this initiative are examined. Next, the motivation of this population to transition is investigated. Whether people who transition are able to maintain housing long-term, as well as, who benefits from the initiative are also explored. Finally, within the contexts of emotions, relationships, cognitions, and mental health, the researcher evaluates the impact of de-institutionalization on people with a serious mental illness. A literature review has been conducted utilizing the hermeneutic approach to review the texts. Results indicate that in regard to financial cost of de-institutionalization, there is not enough available data to stake a definite claim as to cost-effectiveness. More research is also needed to determine motivation of the population. The majority of the transitioned individuals maintain housing, and benefit from the initiative.